January 30, 2026
Earlier this week, on January 27, the world marked International Holocaust Remembrance Day. This day was selected by the United Nations because it marks the liberation of Auschwitz in 1945 by Soviet troops. 2005 is the first year it was commemorated. On the 27th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar (about two weeks after the end of Passover), we observe Yom HaShoah v’haGevurah, Holocaust Day of Remembrance and Heroism. This day was established by the Knesset in 1951, and it marks the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943. Lastly, each year on November 9 we observe Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, when Germans destroyed Jewish shops and burned synagogues and books. It was a pogrom on a mass scale.
Earlier this week, Rabbi Jeff Salkin posed the question in his blog Martini Judaism: why do we have three dates to the remember the Holocaust? He suggests that we need all three because they serve different purposes.
Kristallnacht reminds us of the normalization of cruelty. Yom HaShoah v’haGevurah is necessary because the Warsaw Ghetto uprising teaches us about the importance of resilience and the willingness to stand up and fight even if we may lose our battles.
Rabbi Salkin writes, “they fought to assert that even in a world collapsing into barbarism, Jews still possessed agency and dignity. They would not go like sheep to the slaughter.” International Holocaust Remembrance Day – the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz – was the day the world bore witness to the atrocities occurring.
In Germany, where U.S. soldiers liberated camps, General Eisenhower said, “I made the visit deliberately, in order to be in position to give first-hand evidence of these things if ever, in the future, there develops a tendency to charge these allegations merely to ‘propaganda.'” He commanded his soldiers to capture what they saw so the world would know the capacity of human beings to perpetrate evil towards one another. International Holocaust Remembrance Day is for the world to remember. Rabbi Salkin explains this day forces us to ask how the world could stand by and do nothing?
When I go into public schools to teach about antisemitism, I share the famous words of Elie Wiesel: “We must take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant.” Wiesel’s words serve as a reminder to every generation that when evil goes unchecked, it can lead to mass murder. It is also a prophetic call on us to act.
Once again, we are encountering the widespread normalization of antisemitism and hate. It seems that hardly a week goes by before we see another vicious antisemitic attack. Springing to action can feel overwhelming and it can’t be the responsibility of Jews alone to remember and hold the world accountable. Our allies are critical to the sacred task of planting seeds that will bear the fruit of love and compassion.
I recently visited the U.S. Holocaust Museum and Memorial. Each time I enter, something unique stands out to me. This time, I captured the prayer that Rabbi Leo Baeck offered in Germany on Yom Kippur in 1938: “Our history is the history of the grandeur of the human soul and the dignity of human life. In this day of sorrow and pain, surrounded by infamy and shame, we will turn our eyes to the days of old. From generation to generation, God redeemed our fathers, and He will redeem us and our children in the days to come. We stand before our God… we bow to Him, and we stand upright… before man.”
Rabbi Baeck’s words remind us of the powerful connection between God and humanity. To stand upright before God and to stand upright before a fellow human being is to behold the beauty of one’s face and to see their soul in all their humanity. Recognizing the dignity of human life is core to who we are as Jews. To see each soul as created in the image of God is to recognize our holiness.
Why do we need three days to remember the Holocaust? Because the Holocaust is not one story. It is millions upon millions of stories. It is acts of heroism, the memory of the victims, and every story that is filled with sorrow and miraculousness.
May the memory of the righteous always be for a blessing and may we always be grateful for those who resisted and those who risked their lives and stood up in the face of evil to protect their neighbors and strangers.
Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Rick Kellner