August 28, 2026
While in Boston last week, I was driving north on I-95 near Waltham when I saw, painted on the rear window of a pickup truck, the following words: “Zionism is un-American.” At first, I was upset, and then I noted the irony of our location. Waltham, MA, is home to Brandeis University, named in honor of the first Jewish Supreme Court Justice, Louis Brandeis. The irony is not because Brandeis is home to a significant Jewish population; rather, the irony is because of Louis Brandeis’s role in teaching how Zionism and American values align.
In 1915, Brandeis wrote a famous essay entitled “The Jewish Problem: How to Solve It.” This essay lays the groundwork for his belief that there is “no inconsistency between loyalty to America and loyalty to Jewry.” Much of liberal Western values emerged from the French Enlightenment, in which everyone was a citizen, and every human being had value. There is a clear distinction, however, between how these values played out in Europe and in the United States. In European countries, there was a tension between loyalty to the nation-state and loyalty to one’s people. France allowed everyone to have their own individual rights, and Jews had to claim loyalty as citizens of France. America wrestled with the same tensions. As a melting pot, some tried to portray an approach to American life in which various cultures melted together. I imagine a jar of paint swirling with many colors. In 18th-century Europe, Jews tried to become American and sought to keep their religion but eschew the notion that they were also a nation or a people. Much of that sentiment was expressed prior to the emergence of Herzl’s political Zionism.
In the early 20th century, Brandeis, to shift the conversation, wrote, “Let no American imagine that Zionism is inconsistent with patriotism. Multiple loyalties are objectionable only if they are inconsistent. A man [sic] is a better citizen of the United States for being also a loyal citizen of his state, and of his city; for being loyal to his family, and to his profession or trade; for being loyal to his college or his lodge. Every Irish American who contributed towards advancing home rule was a better man and a better American for the sacrifice he made. Every American Jew who aids in advancing the Jewish settlement in Palestine, though he feels that neither he nor his descendants will ever live there, will likewise be a better man and a better American for doing so.” Here, Brandeis references the multiple loyalties we hold. In many ways, we are proud Americans, Ohioans, and Columbites. We are loyal to the universities we attend, the school districts, and small cities in which we live. We can care deeply about multiple aspects of who we are, and they do not come into conflict with one another.
One might argue that these loyalties are only a subset of an entire whole. For that, Brandeis had an answer. He turned toward values. He wrote, “America’s fundamental law seeks to make real the brotherhood of man. That brotherhood became the Jewish fundamental law more than twenty-five hundred years ago. America’s insistent demand in the twentieth century is for social justice. That also has been the Jews’ striving for ages. Their affliction as well as their religion has prepared the Jews for effective democracy. Persecution broadened their sympathies.” Brandeis sees the Jewish value of caring for our neighbors as an essential part of both Jewish and American life. His argument is that if it is our responsibility as Jews and Americans to advance the notion that we are responsible for the well-being of those with whom we are in covenant, our fellow human beings, then those values are consistent with each other. He also notes that throughout history, our persecution broadened our sympathies. Because we were harmed and have felt profound pain, our sympathies can help us recognize the role we play in our greater society. His words echo the biblical command to love the stranger because we know the heart of the stranger, since we were strangers in the land of Egypt.
Americans hold multiple loyalties and sources of pride. Just a few weeks ago, Dublin held the world’s largest Irish festival outside of Ireland. When we journey through our community, we see neighborhoods named for their German and Italian roots. New York holds countless parades: the Israel Day Parade, the Puerto Rican Day Parade, the St. Patrick’s Day Parade, the Lunar New Year Parade, and the Greek Independence Day Parade. America has afforded us the opportunity to celebrate our heritage and care for the well-being of our country. There is no other place in the world quite like it.
If someone is saying Zionism is un-American, what they are truly expressing is that Jews do not belong. And if we want to belong, we must forgo an essential part of who we are: a belief that we are a people with a homeland. That sentiment is un-American. Jews have been in this country since 1654. This country is better because of the contributions our people have made and will continue to make. Jews have fought and died for this country. For Brandeis, Zionism is as American as apple pie!
Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Rick Kellner